Topics covered range from the history of wind energy use to advanced wind turbine design. In addition to wind turbine development, design, and applications, references for wind energy economics, the wind energy resource, and environmental and institutional issues related to wind energy are also included.
Please note that the references appearing throughout this bibliography do not represent all available material on a specific topic. The inclusion of references in the bibliography is based on several factors, including relevancy to the particular topic, frequency of citation in the professional literature, recommendations from research staff, currency, and availability.
The publisher or sponsoring organization listed in each citation is often the primary distributor of the documents. The appropriate stock number or order number is included in the citation. Requests for government documents can be sent to
Requests for U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) or DOE contractor reports can be sent to
Brower, M.S.; Tennis, M.W.; Denzler, E.W.; Kaplan, M.M. (1993). Powering the Midwest: Renewable Electricity for the Economy and the Environment. Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists; 188 pp.
Cavallo, A.J.; Hock, S.M.; Smith, D.R. (1993). "Wind Energy: Technology and Economics." Chapter 3 in Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity. Edited by T.B. Johansson, H. Kelly, A.K.N. Reddy, and R.H. Williams. Washington, DC: Island Press; pp. 121-156.
Van Wijk, A.J.M.; Coelingh, J.P. (1993). Wind Power Potential in the OECD Countries. 93091. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Utrecht University; 35 pp.
Dodge, D.M. (June 1993). "Wind Power Rising." The World & I. Washington, DC: The Washington Times Corporation; pp. 187-193.
Lamarre, L. (December 1992). "Building Interest in Wind." EPRI Journal. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute; 12 pp.
Hock, S.M.; Thresher, R.W.; Williams, T. (1992). "The Future of Utility-Scale Wind Power." Chapter 9 in Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Review of Research and Development. Edited by K.W. Boer. Vol. 7. Boulder, CO: American Solar Energy Society; pp. 309-371.
California Energy Commission. (1992). 1992 Energy Technology Status Report. P500-92-007E. Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission; 82 pp.
American Wind Energy Association. (1992). Wind Energy for Sustainable Development. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 22 pp.
The Potential of Renewable Energy, An Interlaboratory White Paper; Appendix F. (March 1990). Prepared for the Office of Policy, Planning, and Analysis, U.S. Department of Energy, in support of the National Energy Strategy. SERI/TP-260-3674. Available from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO; 11 pp. (NTIS no. DE90000322).
Swisher, R. (American Wind Energy Association); Ancona, D.F. (U.S. Department of Energy); Edworthy, J. (Canadian Wind Energy Association). (September 1990). "Wind Energy Developments in the Americas." European Community Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition; September 1014, 1990; Madrid, Spain. Bedford, England: H.S. Stephens & Associates; pp. 43-48.
Wind Energy Program Overview, Fiscal Year 1993. (May 1994). DOE/CH10093-279. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (NTIS no. DE94000285).
Wind Energy Program Overview, Fiscal Year 1992. (April 1993). DOE/CH10093-191. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (NTIS no. DE93000056).
Bollmeier, W.S., II; Dodge, D.M. (May 1992). Cooperative Field Test Program for Wind Systems. NREL/TP-253-4252. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 38 pp. (NTIS no. DE92001209).
A Government-Industry Partnership Experience: The Cooperative Field Test Program in Wind Research. (May 1991). 6 pp. Available from American Wind Energy Association, Washington, DC.
Baker, T.L. (1985). A Field Guide to American Windmills. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press; 516 pp.
Johnson, G.L. (1985). Wind Energy Systems. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
Five Year Research Plan 19851990, Wind Energy Technology: Generating Power from the Wind. (January 1985). DOE/CE-T11. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 32 pp. (NTIS no. DE85008427/XAB).
Fleming, P.D.; Probert, S.D. (April 1982). "Sail-Type Wind-Turbines: A Review and Annotated Bibliography." Applied Energy (10:4); pp. 273-286.
Koeppl, G.W. (1982). Putnam's Power From the Wind. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.; 470 pp.
Golding, E.W. (1976). The Generation of Electricity by Wind Power. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 332 pp.
Torrey, V. (1976). Wind Catchers: American Windmills of Yesterday and Tomorrow. Brattleboro, VT: The Stephen Greene Press; 226 pp.
Nelson, V.; Gilmore, E.H.; Starcher, K. (1993). Introduction to Wind Energy. 93-3. Canyon, TX: Alternative Energy Institute; 28 pp.
Introduction to Small Wind Systems. (1993). Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 22 pp.
Gipe, P. (1993). Wind Power for Home & Business. Post Mills, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing Company; 413 pp.
Ancona, D.F. (1989). "Power Generation, Wind, Ocean." Wilk's Encyclopedia of Architecture: Design, Engineering, and Construction. Vol. 4. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; pp. 32-39.
Dodge, D.M.; Thresher, R.W. (1989). "Wind Technology Today." Advances in Solar Energy, An Annual Review of Research and Development. Vol. 5. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Eggleston, D.M.; Stoddard, F.S. (1987). Wind Turbine Engineering Design. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.; 352 pp.
Moretti, P.M.; Divone, L.V. (June 1986). "Modern Windmills." Scientific American (254:6); pp. 110-118.
Le Gourieres, D. (1982). Wind Power Plants, Theory and Design. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
Park, J. (1981). The Wind Power Book. Palo Alto, CA: Cheshire Books; 253 pp.
Eldridge, F.R. (1980). Wind Machines. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.; 214 pp.
Park, J.; Schwind, D. (September 1978). Wind Power for Farms, Houses, and Small Industry. RFP-2841/1270/78/4. Mountain View, CA: Nielsen Engineering and Research, Inc.; 229 pp.
Economic Lessons From a Decade of Experience. (1993). Produced under the auspices of the Utility Wind Interest Group; published by the Electric Power Research Institute; 4 pp. Available from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.
Swift, A. (University of Texas); Thresher, R.W.; Hock, S.M. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). (1992). "Performance and Cost Projections for Advanced Wind Turbines." Windpower '92 Conference; October 19-23, 1992; Seattle, Washington. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 431-447.
Karas, K.C. (1992). "Wind Energy: What Does it Really Cost?" Windpower '92 Conference; October 19-23, 1992; Seattle, Washington. Arlington, VA: American Wind Energy Association. pp. 157-166. Also NREL/TP-441-5245. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 10 pp. (NTIS no. DE93000044).
Dodd, H.M.; Hock, S.M.; Thresher, R.W. (1990). "The Sensitivity of Wind Technology Utilization to Cost and Market Parameters." Windpower '90 Conference; September 25, 1990; Washington, DC. Arlington, VA: American Wind Energy Association. Also SERI/TP-257-3986. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 6 pp. (NTIS no. DE91002122).
Merrill, O.; Schweizer, T.; Chernoff, H.; Conopask, H.; Knowles, R.; Moyle, R.A. (August 1985). Early Market Potential for Utility Applications of Wind Turbines. EPRI-AP-4077. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute; 200 pp.
Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing: 2. Estimation of Cost of Energy from Wind Energy Conversion Systems; 1. Edition 1983. (1983). Edited by J. Nitteberg, A.A. deBoer, and P.B. Simpson. 23 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems. (NTIS no. DE84901132).
Moyle, R.A.; Chernoff, H.; Schweizer, T.C.; Patton, J.B. (November 1982). Assessment of Distributed Solar Power Systems: Issues and Impacts. EPRI-AP-2636. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute; 184 pp.
Britt, J.F.; Davey, H.L.; McCarroll, D.A.; Wysocki, K.J. (December 1981). Small Wind Turbine Production Evaluation and Cost Analysis. SERI/TR-09049-1. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 2 Vols.
Cohen, J.M.; Schweizer, T.C. (Science Applications International Corporation); Hock, S.M. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory); Cadogan, J.B. (DOE). (1992). A Methodology for Computing Wind Turbine Cost of Electricity Using Utility Economic Assumptions (Revised).
Bergey, K.H. (Bergey Windpower Company, Inc.). (1991). "Windfarm Strategies: The Economies of Scale Revisited." Windpower '91 Conference; September 2427, 1991; Palm Springs, California. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 72-81.
Hock, S.M.; Thresher, R.W. (NREL); Cohen, J.M. (Science Applications International Corporation). (1990). "Performance and Cost Projections for Advanced Wind Turbines." American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Winter Annual Meeting; November 25, 1990; Dallas, Texas. Also SERI/TP-257-3795. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 7 pp. (NTIS no. DE90000370).
Merrill, O.; Schweizer, T.; Chernoff, H.; Conopask, H.; Knowles, R.; Nagle, R. (Science Applications International Corporation). (August 1985). Early Market Potential for Utility Applications of Wind Turbines. EPRI-AP-4077. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute; 200 pp.
Flaim, T.; Hock, S.M. (May 1984). Wind Energy Systems for Electric Utilities: A Synthesis of Value Studies. SERI/TR-211-2318. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 112 pp.
Sullivan, R.L.; Flaim, T.; Percival, D. (March 1982). WECS Value Analysis: A Comparative Assessment of Four Methods. SERI/TR-211-1563. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 51 pp.
Percival, D.; Harper, J. (January 1982). Electric Utility Value Determination for Wind Energy. Vol. I: A Methodology. SERI/TR-732-604R-V.1. 94 pp. (NTIS no. DE82010771). Vol. II: A User's Guide. SERI/TR-732-604R-V.2. 121 pp. (NTIS no. DE82010926). Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Wyatt, A. (Research Triangle Institute). (1992). Wind Electric Pumping Systems: Sizing and Cost Estimation. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 39 pp.
Moment, R.L. (February 1983). Performance and Size Estimating for Wind Systems. RFP-3586. Golden, CO: Rockwell International Corporation; 69 pp. (NTIS no. DE84006980).
JBF Scientific Corporation. (June 1981). Small Wind Systems Application Analysis. RFP-3147/2. Golden, CO: Rockwell International Corporation; 217 pp. (NTIS no. DE82003748).
Stafford, R.W.; Greeb, F.J.; Smith, M.F.; Des Chenes, C.; Weaver, N.L. (January 1981). Economic Analysis of Wind-Powered Farmhouse and Farm Building Heating Systems; Final Report. DOE/SEA-3408-20691/81/1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 360 pp. Available from NTIS.
Garling, W.S.; Haufer, M.R.; Merchang-Geuder, L; Welch, M. (March 1980). Economic Analysis of Wind-Powered Refrigeration Cooling/Water Heating Systems in Food Processing. DOE/SEA-1109-20401/81/1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 150 pp. Available from NTIS.
Elliott, D.L.; Schwartz, M.N. (September 1993). Wind Energy Potential in the United States. PNL-SA-23109. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 10 pp. (NTIS no. DE94001667).
Schwartz, M.N.; Elliott, D.L.; Gower, G.L. (1992). "Gridded State Maps of Wind Electric Potential." Windpower '92 Conference; October 19-23, 1992; Seattle, Washington. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 50-58.
America Takes Stock of a Vast Energy Resource. (1992). Produced under the auspices of the Utility Wind Interest Group; published by the Electric Power Research Institute; 10 pp. Available from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.
Elliott, D.L.; Gower, G.L.; Wendell, L.L. (August 1991). An Assessment of the Available Windy Land Area and Wind Energy Potential in the Contiguous United States. PNL-7789. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 92 pp. (NTIS no. DE91018887).
Elliott, D.L. (October 1987). Caribbean and Central America Wind Energy Assessment. PNL-SA-15102. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
Elliott, D.L.; Holladay, C.G.; Barchet, W.R.; Foote, H.P.; Sandusky, W.F. (March 1987). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States. DOE/CH10093-4. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 210 pp. (NTIS no. DE86004442).
California Wind Atlas. (April 1985). Sacramento, CA: California Energy Commission; 210 pp. Available from California Energy Commission, Publication Unit, 1516 Ninth Street, MS-15, Sacramento, CA 95814.
Changery, M.J. (December 1978). National Wind Data Index. HCO/T1041-01. Asheville, NC: National Climatic Data Center; 245 pp.
Changery, M.J.; Hodge, W.T.; Ramsdell, J.V. (September 1977). Index-Summarized Wind Data. BNWL-2220 WIND 11. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 151 pp.
McCarthy, E.F. (Kenetech/U.S. Windpower, Inc.); Meroney, R.N.; Neff, D.E. (Colorado State University). (1993). "Elevation and Vegetation Considerations on Wind Power Availability." Windpower '93 Conference; July 12-16, 1993; San Francisco, California. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; p. 213.
Wendell, L.L.; Gower, G.L.; Birn, M.B. (July 1993). "Applicability of Digital Terrain Analyses to Wind Energy Prospecting and Siting." Windpower '93 Conference; July 12-16, 1993; San Francisco, California. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association.
Understanding Your Wind Resource. (1994). Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 12 pp.
Council, C. (Western Area Power Administration); Quinlan, P.; Garrick, J. (NEOS Corporation). (1991). "Overview of Western Area Power Administration's Wind Prospecting Program." Windpower '91 Conference; September 24-27, 1991; Palm Springs, California. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 219-225.
Wade, J.E.; Baker, R.W.; Walker, S.N. (Oregon State University). (February 1990). Wind Forecasting for Utility Operations. DOE/BP/63406-9. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 62 pp. (NTIS no. DE90009466).
Walker, S.N. (Pacific Wind Energy). (1988). Local Wind Measurements for Micrositing. SERI/STR-217-3320. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Standard Procedures for Meteorological Measurements at a Potential Wind Turbine Site. (1986). AWEA Standard: AWEA 8.1-1986. Alexandria, VA: American Wind Energy Association; 18 pp.
Pennell, W.T. (January 1983). Siting Guidelines for Utility Application of Wind Turbines. EPRI-AP-2795. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute; 266 pp.
Wade, J.E.; Maule, P.A.; Bodvarsson, G.; Rosenfeld, C.L.; Woolley, S.G.; McClenahan, M.R. (February 1983). Remote Sensing for Wind Power Potential, A Prospector's Handbook. DOE/ET/20316-81-1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 308 pp.
Pennell, W.T.; Miller, A.H. (1981). Procedures for Modeling Wind Turbine Performance from Site Wind Data. 82-Pet-7. New York, NY: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 10 pp. Available from Engineering Societies Library, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
Wade, J.E.; Hewson, E.W. (October 1981). A Guide to Biological Wind Prospecting. DOE/ET/20316-80-2. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University; 112 pp.
Frost, W.; Shieh, C.F. (December 1981). Guidelines for Siting WECS Relative to Small-Scale Terrain Features. DOE/ET/20242-78/1. Tullahoma, TN: FWG Associates, Inc.; 196 pp.
Meteorological Aspects of the Utilization of Wind as an Energy Source. (1981). Technical Note 175. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization; 180 pp.
Hiester, T.R.; Pennell, W.T. (January 1981). The Meteorological Aspects of Siting Large Wind Turbines. PNL-2522. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 512 pp.
Wegley, H.L.; Orgill, M.M.; Drake, R.L. (March 1980). A Siting Handbook for Small Wind Energy Systems. PNL-2521 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 132 pp.
Corotis, R.B. (May 1980). Application of Statistical Techniques to Wind Characteristics at Potential Wind Energy Conversion Sites. DOE/ET/20283-2. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; 122 pp.
Proceedings of the Conference and Workshop on Wind Energy Characteristics and Wind Energy Siting; June 19-21, 1979; Portland, Oregon. (1979). PNL-3214. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 471 pp.
Marrs, R.W.; Gaylord, D.R. (April 1979). A Guide to the Interpretation of Windflow Characteristics from Eolian Landforms. RLO-2343-79/2. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming; 39 pp.
Araj, K.J.; Fisher, T.A.; Kronenburg, J.C. (National Research Council, Washington, DC). (1991). Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology. DOE/AL/58181-T1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 108 pp. (NTIS no. DE92018563).
Design Criteria Recommended Practices: Wind Energy Conversion Systems. (1988). AWEA Standard: AWEA 3.1-1988. Arlington, VA: American Wind Energy Association; 25 pp.
Eggleston, D.M.; Stoddard, F.S. (1987). Wind Turbine Engineering Design. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.; 352 pp.
Miller, A.H.; Dugundji, J.; Martinez-Sanchez, M.; Gohard, J.; Chung, S.; Wendell, J. (September 1978). Wind Energy Conversion, Volume 1: Methods for Design Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines. COO-4131-Tq (Vol. I). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 253 pp.
Kelley, D.N. (November 1992). Full Vector (3-D) Inflow Simulation in Natural and Wind Farm Environments Using an Expanded Version of the SNLWIND (Veers) Turbulence Code. NREL/TP-442- 5225. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 8 pp.
NREL/TP-442-5225. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 8 pp.
Morris, V.R.; Barnard, J.C.; Wendell, L.L.; Tomich, S.D. (October 1992). "Comparison of Anemometers for Turbulence Characterization." Windpower '92 Conference; October 19-23, 1992; Seattle, Washington. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 9 pp. (NTIS no. DE93004336).
Kelley, N.D.; Wright, A.D. (October 1991). A Comparison of Predicted and Observed Turbulent Wind Fields Present in Natural and Internal Wind Park Environments. NREL/TP-257-4508. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 9 pp.
Elliott, D.L. (September 1991). "Status of Wake and Array Loss Research." Windpower '91 Conference; September 24-27, 1991; Palm Springs, California. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association.
Barnard, J.C. (June 1990). An Evaluation of Three Models Designed for Siting Wind Turbines in Areas of Complex Terrain. PNL-7357. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 50 pp. (NTIS no. DE90013625).
Nierenberg, R. (Altamont Energy Corporation). (1990). Wake Deficit Measurements on the Jess and Souza Ranches, Altamont Pass. SERI/STR-257-3455. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Connell, J.R.; Morris, V.R. (1990). "Turbulent Wind at the Equatorial Segment of an Operating Darrieus Wind Turbine Blade." Ninth ASME Wind Energy Symposium. SED-Vol. 9. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Elliott, D.L.; Barnard, J.C. (November 1990). "Effects of Trees on Wind Flow Variability and Turbulence." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering; Vol. 112. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Elliott, D.L.; Cadogan, J.B. (1990). "Effects of Wind Shear and Turbulence on Wind Turbine Power Curves." European Community Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition; September 10-14, 1990; Madrid, Spain. Bedford, England: H.S. Stephens & Associates.
Kelley, N.D. (September 1989). An Initial Look at the Dynamics of the Microscale Flow Field Within a Large Windfarm in Response to Variations in the Natural Inflow. SERI/TP-257-3591. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 5 pp.
Connell, J.R.; Powell, D.C. (August 1989). User's Guide for Personal Computer Model of Turbulence at a Wind Turbine Rotor. PNL-6959. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
Nierenberg, R. (Altamont Energy Corporation). (1989). Free-Flow Variability on the Jess and Souza Ranches, Altamont Pass. SERI/STR-217-3404. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Elliott, D.L.; Buck, J.W.; Barnard, J.C. (April 1988). An Examination of Wake Effects and Power Production for a Group of Large Wind Turbines. PNL-6528. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 58 pp. (NTIS no. DE88009906).
Veers, P.S. (1988). Three-Dimensional Wind Simulation. SAND-88-0152. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 36 pp. (NTIS no. DE88009793/XSP).
Connell, J.R. (1988). "A Primer of Turbulence at the Wind Turbine Rotor." Solar Energy (41:3); pp. 281293. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
Simon, R.L. (Fayette Manufacturing Corporation). (April 1988). Wake Effects in a Fayette 85-IIS Wind Turbine Array. SERI/STR-217-3186A. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 75 pp.
Liu, H.-T. (FloWind Corporation). (1988). Field Investigation of a Wake Structure Downwind of a VAWT in a Wind Farm Array. SERI/STR-217-3370. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Barnard, J.C.; Wegley, H.L. (January 1987). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Performance of Wind Tunnel and Numerical Modeling Simulations of the Wind. PNL-6105. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 20 pp. (NTIS no. DE87004634).
Simon, R.L.; Matson, D.F.; Fuchs, J.M. (Fayette Manufacturing Corporation). (1987). Wake Effects in a Fayette 95-IIS Wind Turbine Array. SERI/STR-217-3186. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Connell, J.R.; George, R.L. (November 1987). "Accurate Correlation of Wind Turbine Response With Wind Speed Using a New Characterization of Turbulent Wind." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering; Vol. 109. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Barnard, J.C.; Wegley, H.L.; Hiester, T.R. (September 1985). Improving the Performance of Mass- Consistent Numerical Models Using Optimization Techniques. PNL-5566. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 33 pp. (NTIS no. DE86001224). An article based on this report appeared in the Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (26:6); pp. 675-686.
Buck, J.W.; Renne, D.S. (August 1985). Observations of Wake Characteristics at the Goodnoe Hills MOD-2 Array. PNL-5565. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 77 pp. (NTIS no. DE85018282).
Lissaman, P.B.S.; Gyatt, G.W.; Zalay, A.D. (AeroVironment). (June 1982). Numeric Modeling Sensitivity Analysis of the Performance of Wind Turbine Arrays. PNL-4183. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 97 pp.
Doran, J.C.; Packard, K.R. (October 1982). Comparison of Model and Observations of the Wake of a MOD-0A Wind Turbine. PNL-4433. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 43 pp.
Doran, J.C. (August 1981). Inherent Uncertainties in Meteorological Parameters for Wind Turbine Design. PNL-SA-736. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory; 18 pp.
Frost, W.; Long, B.H.; Turner, R.E. (December 1978). Engineering Handbook on the Atmospheric Environmental Guidelines for Use in Wind Turbine Generator Development. NASA-TP-1359. Huntsville, AL: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center; 372 pp.
Hansen, A.C.; Butterfield, C.P. (1993). "Aerodynamics of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 25, pp. 115-149.
Butterfield, C.P.; Musial, W.P.; Scott, G.N.; Simms, D.A. (1992). NREL Combined Experiment Final Report-Phase II (draft). NREL/TP-442-4807. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 32 pp. (plus appendices).
Butterfield, C.P.; Musial, W.P.; Simms, D.A. (1992). Combined Experiment Phase I: Final Report. NREL/TP-257-4655. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 220 pp. (NTIS no. DE93000012).
Barnwell, R.W.; Hussaini, M.Y. (1992). Natural Laminar Flow and Laminar Flow Control. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 411 pp.
Eggleston, D.M.; Starcher, K.L. (November 1990). "A Comparative Study of the Aerodynamics of Several Wind Turbines Using Flow Visualization." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. Vol. 112. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; pp. 301-309.
Thresher, R.W.; Wright, A.D. (January 1989). Prediction of Stochastic Blade Responses Using Measured Wind-Speed Data as Input to the FLAP Code. SERI/TP-217-3394. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Thresher, R.W.; Holley, W.E.; Wright, A.D. (January 1989). Prediction of Stochastic Blade Responses Using a Filtered Noise Turbulence Model in the FLAP Code. SERI/TP-217-3413. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Selig, M.S.; Donovan, J.F.; Fraser, D.B. (1989). Airfoils at Low Speeds. Soartech 8. Virginia Beach, VA: H.A. Stokely; 398 pp.
Walker, S.N.; Wade, J.E. (Pacific Wind Energy). (1988). Effects of Precipitation on Wind Turbine Performance. SERI/STR-217-3287. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Stoddard, F.S.; Porter, B.K. (January 1986). Wind Turbine Aerodynamics Research Needs Assessment. DOE/ER/30075-H1. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy; 126 pp. (NTIS no. DE86009189).
Wilson, R.E.; Walker, S.N. (1985). "State-of-the-Art in Wind Turbine Aerodynamics." Windpower '85 Conference; August 27, 1985; San Francisco, California. Alexandria, VA: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 30-38.
Noll, R.B.; Ham, N.D. (Aerospace Systems, Inc.). (February 1983). Dynamic Stall of Small Wind Systems. RFP-3523. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (NTIS no. DE84006827).
Horizontal-Axis Wind System Rotor Performance Model Comparison-A Compendium. (February 1983). RFP-3508. Golden, CO: Rocky Flats Wind Energy Research Center; 381 pp. (NTIS no. DE83012265).
Viterna, L.A.; Janetzke, D.C. (September 1982). Theoretical and Experimental Power from Large Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines. DOE/NASA/20320-41. Cleveland, OH: NASA Lewis Research Center; 18 pp. (NTIS no. DE83001099).
Rohrbach, C.; Wainauski, H.; Worabel, R. (December 1977). Experimental and Analytical Research on the Aerodynamics of Wind Driven Turbines. COO-2615-T2. Windsor Locks, CT: Hamilton Standard; 250 pp.
Babcock, B.A.; Conover, K.E. (R. Lynette & Associates, Inc.). (1994). "Design of Cost-Effective Towers for an Advanced Wind Turbine." Wind Energy 1994. SED-Vol. 15. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; pp. 261-268.
James, G.H., III; Carne, T.G.; Lauffer, J.P. (1993). The Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) for Modal Parameter Extraction from Operating Wind Turbines. SAND-92-1666. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 46 pp. (NTIS no. DE93010611).
Wilson, R.E.; Walker, S.N.; Smith, C.E.; Freeman, L.N. (1993). "Advanced Dynamics Code." Wind Energy 1993; January 31-February 4, 1993; Houston, Texas. SED-Vol. 14. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; pp. 119-124.
Hansen, A.C. (1992). Yaw Dynamics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: Final Report. NREL/TP-442- 4822. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 175 pp. (NTIS no. DE92001245).
Wright, A.D.; Buhl, M.L., Jr.; Elliott, A.S. (1992). "Development of a Wind Turbine System's Dynamics Model Using the Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) Software." Windpower '92 Conference; October 19-23, 1992; Seattle, Washington. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; pp. 329-338.
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PURPA Handbook. (1992). Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association; 14 pp.
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Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing and Evaluation: 8. Glossary of Terms; Issue 1, March 1987. (March 1987). Edited by G. Elliot; 11 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems.
Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing and Evaluation: 5. Electromagnetic-interference; Preparatory Information; Issue 1, February 1986. (1986). Edited by R.J. Chignell; 16 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems.
International Recommended Practices for Wind Energy Conversion Systems Testing: 3. Fatigue Characteristics; 1. Edition 1984. (1984). Edited by J.M.W. Dekker, E. Jensen, H.H. Ottens, S.E. Thor, and U. Hassan; 19 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems.
Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing: 7. Quality of Power. Single Grid-Connected WECS; 1. Edition 1984. (1984). Edited by L.J. Ballard, and R.H. Sivansborough; 24 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems.
Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing: 2. Estimation of Cost of Energy from Wind Energy Conversion Systems; 1. Edition 1983. (1983). Edited by J. Nitteberg, A.A. deBoer, and P.B. Simpson; 23 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems. (NTIS no. DE84901132).
Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine Testing: 1. Power Performance Testing; 1. Edition 1982. (1982). Edited by S. Frandsen, A.R. Trenka, and B. Pedersen; 17 pp. Submitted to the Executive Committee of the International Energy Agency Program for Research and Development on Wind Energy Conversion Systems. (NTIS no. DE84901417).
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Wind Turbines: Performance Test Codes. (1989). ASME/ANSI PRC 42-1988. New York, NY: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 61 pp.
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Atlantic Orient Corporation. (1994). Advanced Wind Turbine Design Studies, Advanced Conceptual Study, Final Report. NREL/TP-442-4740. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 245 pp.
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Swift, A. (University of Texas); Hock, S.M.; Thresher, R.W. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). (February 1993). "Advanced Wind Turbine Performance and Cost Projections: A Configuration Survey." ASME 16th Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference; Houston, Texas. Fairfield, NJ: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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Enertech Corporation. (September 1981). Enertech 15-kW Wind System Development; Phase I-Design and Analysis, Volume II. Technical Report. RFP-3341. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute. (NTIS no. DE82018403).
Mayer, D.J.; Norton, J.H., Jr. (North Wind Power Company, Inc.). (June 1982). North Wind 2-kW High-Reliability Wind System, Phase II-Fabrication and Test. RFP-3426. Golden, CO: Wind Systems Program, Rockwell International Corporation; 43 pp. (NTIS no. DE83007196).
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Proceedings: Small Wind Turbine Systems. (1981). May 12-14, 1981; Boulder, CO. SERI/CP-635-1212. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 355 pp.
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Cheney, M.C. (United Technologies Research Center). (February 1982). UTRC 15-kW Wind System Development, Phase II-Fabrication and Testing. RFP-3358. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute. (NTIS no. DE83012274).
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MOD-5A Wind Turbine Generator Program Design Report. Vol. 1: Executive Summary. DOE/NASA/0153-1; 63 pp. Vol. II: Conceptual and Preliminary Design, Books 1 and 2. DOE/NASA/0153-2; 661 pp. Vol. III: Final Design and System Description, Books 1 and 2. DOE/NASA/0153-3; 1145 pp. Vol. IV: Drawings and Specification, Books 1-5. DOE/NASA/0153-4; 2754 pp. (August 1984). Cleveland, OH: NASA Lewis Research Center.
Ancona, D.F.; Spera, D.A.; MOD-2 Final Technical Report. (May 1994). NREL/SP-440-5177. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 124 pp. (NTIS no. DE93000014).
MOD-2 Wind Turbine System Development; Final Report. Volume 1. Executive Summary. DOE/NASA-0002-821/1; 35 pp. (NTIS no. DE83015190). Volume II. Detailed Report. DOE/NASA-0002-821/2; 191 pp. (NTIS no. DE83017707). (Boeing Engineering and Construction). (September 1982). Cleveland, OH: NASA Lewis Research Center.
Collins, J.L.; Shaltens, R.K.; Poor, R.H.; Barton, R.S. (April 1982). Experience and Assessment of the DOE-NASA MOD-1 2000-Kilowatt Wind Turbine Generator at Boone, North Carolina. DOE/NASA/20366-2. (NTIS no. DE82020317). Cleveland, OH: NASA Lewis Research Center; 53 pp.
Wilreker, V.F.; Stiller, P.H.; Scott, G.W.; Kruse, V.J.; Smith, R.F. (February 1984). Wind Turbine Generator Interaction with Conventional Diesel Generators on Block Island, Rhode Island. Vol. I. Executive Summary. DOE/NASA/0354-1; 47 pp. (NTIS no. DE84015874). Vol. II. Data Analysis. DOE/NASA/0354-2; 138 pp. (NTIS no. DE84016961). Cleveland, OH: NASA Lewis Research Center.
Anderson, T.S.; Bodenschatz, C.A.; Eggers, A.G.; Hughes, P.S.; Lampe, R.F.; Lipner, M.H.; Schornhorst, J.R. (August 1980). MOD-0A 200-kW Wind Turbine Generator Design and Analysis Report. DOE/NASA/0163-2. Cleveland, OH: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 393 pp. (NTIS no. DE81027625).
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Abramovich, H. (1987). "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: A Survey and Bibliography." Wind Engineering (11:6); pp. 334-343. Brentwood, England: Multi-Science Publishing Company, Ltd.
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Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine System, Phase II; Volume 1. Executive Summary. (March 1983). SAND-82-7113/1. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 51 pp.
Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine System, Phase II; Volume 2. Final Technical Report. (March 1983). SAND-82-7113/2. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 235 pp.
Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine System, Phase II; Volume 3. Design, Fabrication and Site Drawing. (March 1983). SAND-82-7113/3. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 121 pp.
Johnston, S.F., ed. (August 1980). Proceedings of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) Design Technology Seminar for Industry; April 1-3, 1980; Albuquerque, New Mexico. SAND-80-0984. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories; 339 pp.
Walters, R.E.; Migliore, P.G.; Wolfe, W.P. (West Virginia University). (September 1985). Innovative Wind Turbines: The Circulation Control Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. SERI/STR-217-1755. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 81 pp.
Jacobs, E.W.; Lasier, D.D. (January 1984). A Theoretical Analysis of Solar-Driven Natural Convection Energy Conversion Systems. SERI/TR-211-1950. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute; 37 pp.
Jacobs, E.W. (1983). "Research Results for the Tornado Wind Energy System: Analysis and Conclusions." Solar Engineering-1983: Proceedings of the ASME Solar Energy Division Fifth Annual Conference; April 18-21, 1983; Orlando, Florida. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; pp. 606617.
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Van Hulle, F.J.L.; Smulders, P.T.; Dragt, J.B. (1991). Wind Energy: Technology and Implementation, Part I. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, EWEC '91; October 1418, 1991; Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 935 pp.
Palz, W. (1990). Proceedings of the European Community Wind Energy Conference; September 10-14, 1990; Madrid, Spain. Bedford, England: H.S. Stephens and Associates; 769 pp.
Ancona, D.F.; Pedersen, B.M.; Pershagen, B. (October 1986). "The International Energy Agency Wind Energy Program." Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition Vol. 1; October 7-9, 1986; Rome, Italy. Edited by W. Palz and E. Sesto. Rome: A. Raguzzi, Bookshop for Scientific Publications; pp. 129-132.
Selzer, H. (1986). Potential of Wind Energy in the European Community: An Assessment Study. Solar Energy R&D in the European Community, Series G, Vol. 2. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing Company; 148 pp.